傅尼葉(1906-1986)是卡薩爾斯之後大提琴世代最耀眼的人物之一。完美流暢的運弓、高雅抒情的音色以及靈敏矯捷的手指,為他贏得「大提琴界的貴族」的暱稱。他和另一位法國大提琴家經常搞笑的嫉妒對方:我好羨慕你的左手啊;那裡那裡,我才嫉妒你的右手臂呢。傅尼葉從不排斥任何時期風格的曲目,雖然他的巴哈大提琴無伴奏組曲錄音已經是大提琴演奏藝術的指標,但也有不少當代作曲家特地為他寫曲。面對日漸緊湊的音樂會行程,他決定辭去巴黎師範音樂院的教職全心投入獨奏事業。1956年他定居瑞士但仍保有法國公民資格。這張傳奇錄音選錄他在琉森音樂節的三場現場演出,重點是都是首次發行。
鋼琴、小提琴和大提琴這三種樂器是琉森音樂節前十年最熱門的獨奏演出,即便21世紀的今天舊如此。在這些演出者裡面,大提琴家麥納迪從1946-1967年總共現身音樂節多達22次,目前紀錄依舊無人超越。緊跟在後的則是本輯主角傅尼葉,自1950年開始共演出18次。
1976年9月,為了紀念卡薩爾斯百年誕辰,傅尼葉特地演出海頓的D大調大提琴協奏曲,並以卡薩爾斯改編自加泰隆尼亞地區的聖誕歌《鳥之歌》作為安可。這個先前未曾發行的版本正好為傅尼葉的錄音清單添加一筆新紀錄,此外這也是傅尼葉最後一次現身琉森音樂節。在演出前對聽眾的簡短發言中,他強調這首曲子除了向卡薩爾斯致敬,一方面也是對幾個月前於慕尼黑過世的麥納迪表達其追悼。《鳥之歌》可以說是卡薩爾斯音樂會的必演曲目,對那些因為佛朗哥政權而流亡在外的難民和移民而言,這就像是深藏在彼此心中最秘密也是最能慰藉思鄉之情的讚美詩。
本輯另外兩首協奏曲(德佛札克、聖桑)同樣都是傅尼葉錄過多次的核心曲目。1967年夏天,傅尼葉和克爾提斯與瑞士節慶管弦樂團演出的德佛札克B小調大提琴協奏曲絕對可以說是音樂節史上的高峰。克爾提斯1929年生於布達佩斯,指揮事業起步於1940年代末。他對所有曲目瞭若指掌、善於分析的音樂技巧、對速度節奏的掌握靈敏總是充滿令人興奮的感染力,他的指揮永遠精力充沛能量飽滿,這也讓他在當時能夠成功獲得許多重要樂團的青睞。1973年他至以色列巡迴演出,在特拉耶夫岸邊游泳不幸溺斃,43歲就英年早逝。
雖然德佛札克是他的拿手曲目,但直到過世之前他都沒有打算錄下德佛札克的大提琴協奏曲,因此這個1967年琉森音樂節開幕音樂會的版本更是意義非凡。雙方都偏好讓各自的聲音能夠更為清晰明顯,同時保有更彈性游移的速度,避免掉入一般民謠式的激動和感性哀愁的巢臼之中。現場演出的另一個優勢就是得以紀錄音樂會當下那種無法預測的情感意涵:傅尼葉和克爾提斯做了許多大膽的嘗試,完全沒有任何顧慮,這點在傅尼葉身上就很明顯,像是有時他在速度和重音表現上會比樂團還要稍快一些,這並非全然壞事,至少樂曲能夠更有張力。
聖桑的A小調第一號大提琴協奏曲數十年來一直被外界所低估,儘管有拉赫曼尼諾夫和蕭士塔高維契這般地位崇高的作曲家宣稱這是「最頂尖的大提琴協奏曲」似乎也未能扭轉迷思。直到1950年代才重新受到世人的肯定,這當然得大力歸功於傅尼葉的積極推廣。1962年在馬替農以及法國國家廣電管弦樂團(現在的法國國家管弦樂團)的伴奏下,他交出了這首作品最熱情的詮釋版本,足以和他兩年前的錄音室版本相提並論(指揮同樣是馬替農,樂團則是拉莫魯管弦樂團)。
Pierre Fournier (1906-1986) was one of the most eminent cellists of the generation after Pablo Casals. Praised as an "aristocrat of cello playing", he was admired for his soulful, singing tone, his uncomplicated elegance and his refined sound. This disc presents three live recordings from this legacy, recorded at LUCERNE FESTIVAL and all of them released for the first time.
Together with Istvan Kertesz, Fournier performed a piece of his core repertoire in the summer of 1967: Antonin Dvo?ak's Cello Concerto in B minor, Op. 104 - a particularly noteworthy archive discovery since the conductor's tragically early death had prevented him from making a studio recording of the concerto. This live recording preserves the unpredictable emotional value of the concert situation: Fournier and Kertesz take many risks, preferring the high definition of separate sounds as well as fresh tempi, without any temptation to fall for folklore frenzy or sentimental melancholy. Camille Saint-Saens' First Cello Concerto in A minor, Op. 33 was held in low esteem for decades, despite composers such as Rachmaninov and Shostakovich declaring it "the greatest of all cello concertos". It was not revived until the Fifties and Sixties - not least thanks to its advocacy by Pierre Fournier. In 1962, alongside Jean Martinon and the Orchestre Philharmonique de la RTF, he presented a passionate reading of the work, permitting a telling comparison to his previous studio recording. A new item in Fournier's discography, however, is the Cant dels ocells which he played in 1976 at a memorial concert on the centenary of Pablo Casals' birthday - this was also his last appearance at LUCERNE FESTIVAL. Fournier's brief announcement before this work has been included here: in it he pays tribute both to Pablo Casals - whose cello version of the old Catalan Christmas carol became an obligatory constituent of his concerts and a secret hymn for all refugees and emigrants longing for home - and also to the cellist and composer Enrico Mainardi, who had died only a few months previously, on 10 April 1976.